Malware isn’t a threat exclusive to PCs. Macs can also be infected. As such, several third-party security solutions are available, including Bitdefender, Intego, Malwarebytes, and Avast. However, not many people realize that Apple computers have had a built-in antivirus called XProtect for over a decade.
Since its introduction in Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard in 2009, XProtect has been quietly running in the background. In fact, most users remain unaware of its existence until a threat is detected. Unlike Windows Defender, XProtect doesn’t feature icons in the menu bar or an app for performing manual system scans.
How Does XProtect Work on macOS?
The Apple ecosystem offers multiple layers of protection, and XProtect is one of them. With macOS, Apple aims to prevent malware through its App Store. The company scans apps in the App Store for malicious software. However, many users install software from outside the App Store.
Computers have always allowed users to install compatible external software. To address potential security threats, Apple has implemented a certification mechanism. Developers who choose not to distribute their apps through the App Store can obtain a trusted certificate for macOS.
Apple takes this task seriously. It scans apps and issues a trusted certificate only when no known malware is detected. Once approved, developers receive a certificate that they can attach to their app. This allows the target system to verify its authenticity, even without an Internet connection.
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At this point, Apple uses another protection measure: Gatekeeper. This feature checks for the certificate of the app that the user is trying to open or install. If the program lacks the appropriate certificate, the system alerts the user that they’re attempting to use unverified software.
Since not all developers undergo the certification process, users can ignore this message and continue using the app in question. In some cases, users may need to allow the installation of apps from the App Store and known developers by navigating to System Settings > Privacy & Security > Security > Allow applications from...
If any of these protection measures are bypassed, XProtect prevents malicious software from running for the first time or detects malware that’s already active on your Mac. This integrated antivirus utilizes YARA signatures that are automatically updated regularly.
XProtect activates at three critical moments: when opening an app for the first time, modifying an app in the file system, and updating security signatures. If it identifies known malware, it immediately blocks it, notifies the user, and offers the option to move the problematic software to the trash.
However, XProtect’s capabilities extend beyond this initial detection. Apple has enhanced the system to address potential issues that could lead to infections. After the malware has been removed, the built-in antivirus continues to scan for threats using a behavioral analysis engine. However, it doesn’t have the ability to restart the computer.
How Do You Update macOS’s Built-in Antivirus?
XProtect updates automatically. However, you can verify whether your system is set to install updates automatically. To do this, click the Apple icon in the menu bar, go to System Settings > Software Update, and click the information icon next to Security Responses. Make sure to switch on the “Install Security Responses and system files” toggle.
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Are You Completely Safe?
While macOS has a robust security system, it’s important to note that no system can be 100% secure. In cybersecurity, the goal is to make malware attacks more difficult for cybercriminals. This is achieved through various means, with integrated system tools being just one part of the approach. If you’re looking for more macOS tips, check out this guide on how to change the MAC address on a MacBook.
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The security features of apps, your security practices, and, if necessary, third-party security tools all play a role in the overall security landscape. The level of difficulty varies according to each user’s needs. For example, iPhones and Macs have long had support for Lockdown Mode, which protects owners from Pegasus spyware.
This is an extreme solution, but it exemplifies the concept of setting higher barriers. Lockdown Mode restricts the functions of apps, web pages, and certain system features. The result is a more protected system, though it may be significantly less useful than in its standard configuration.
Image | Michail Sapiton
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